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Proximally, dissect through the subcutaneous fat and develop the deltopectoral interval along the course of the cephalic vein between the deltoid (axillary nerve) and the pectoralis major (medial and lateral pectoral nerves). Make a longitudinal incision that begins 1 cm lateral to the coracoid process, extends along the lateral border of the biceps, and ends 1 cm lateral to the biceps tendon at the level of the elbow. Mark the coracoid process, deltopectoral groove, lateral bicipital sulcus, and distal biceps tendon with a marking pen ( Fig. The three sisters (two veins and one artery cross the muscle at the junction of the upper two-thirds and lower one-third). The subscapularis muscle arises from the anterior surface of the scapula and attaches as a broad tendon to the lesser tuberosity of the humerus and the front of the articular capsule. The rotator cuff tendons (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) partially function to reinforce and functionally support the fibrous capsule. The capsule is attached to the anatomic neck of the humerus as it extends laterally. Ī fibrous capsule envelops the glenohumeral joint and attaches to the medial side of the glenoid outside the margins of the glenoid labrum.The glenoid labrum is a fibrocartilaginous structure that surrounds the glenoid fossa and functions to deepen the glenoid cavity, thereby being essential to stabilization of the glenohumeral joint. The coracoacromial and coracohumeral ligaments are attached to the lateral border of the coracoid as they arise from the acromion and humerus, respectively. Together, the tendinous attachments of the coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps form the conjoined tendon. The coracobrachialis is attached to the tip of the process on the medial side, and the short head of the biceps is attached to the tip of the process on the lateral side. The pectoralis minor is attached to the medial aspect of the coracoid. The coracoid process serves as the attachment site for several muscles. The coracoid process is located directly below the lateral fourth of the clavicle and connected to its undersurface by the coracoclavicular ligament. The coracoid process is an osseous structure that arises from the superior border of the head of the scapula, projecting forward and curving laterally.